During Biden's tenure, efforts to expand the Abraham Accords—initiated under Trump's first term with the UAE, Bahrain, and Morocco recognizing Israel—were stalled by Saudi Arabia's insistence on a Palestinian state before recognizing Israel. The ongoing Gaza conflict further complicated matters, as did US concerns over nuclear non-proliferation. However, recent comments from US Energy Secretary Chris Wright, who visited Saudi Arabia in April, suggest a "pathway" to a civil nuclear agreement, a potential step forward in US-Saudi relations, though specifics remain undisclosed. A US National Security Council spokesman declined to confirm details, calling reports speculative.
However, despite this significant shift, challenges remain. Saudi Arabia's ambition to enrich uranium, a process restricted under Section 123 of the US Atomic Energy Act due to its potential for weapons development, remains a point of contention. One potential solution involves a 'black box' arrangement, which would limit access to US personnel at Saudi enrichment facilities, thereby addressing proliferation concerns. Additionally, Riyadh's aim to diversify its economy through nuclear power, freeing up oil for export, is further complicated by regional tensions with Iran, also in nuclear talks with the US. Trump's upcoming visit, his second abroad since returning to office, underscores his close ties with Gulf states, with discussions of a $100 billion arms deal and significant Saudi investments in the US expected.