Syrian Interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa arrived in Moscow on Wednesday, January 28, for his second official visit in less than four months, engaging in high-stakes discussions with Russian President Vladimir Putin. This meeting marks a critical juncture as Russia seeks to secure its military presence in Syria, while al-Sharaa pursues vital assistance for the nation's post-Assad reconstruction.
The visit follows a historic inaugural meeting in October 2025, the first since al-Sharaa's forces ousted Russia's long-standing ally, Bashar al-Assad, in December 2024. Despite this history, al-Sharaa has adopted a pragmatic approach, signaling a willingness to honor existing agreements and permit Russia continued access to its strategic military installations, including the Hmeimim Air Base and Tartus Naval Base. Putin has publicly supported al-Sharaa's efforts to restore Syria's territorial integrity, a stance emphasized by Russia's recent military repositioning, such as its withdrawal from the Qamishli airport.
A significant point of tension remains the extradition of former President Bashar al-Assad. Al-Sharaa has formally requested that Moscow extradite Assad to face prosecution for alleged war crimes. However, the Kremlin has shown reluctance, with officials indicating that extradition is unlikely. This unresolved issue presents a fundamental challenge to the warming bilateral relations, as al-Sharaa seeks justice for Syria's suffering while Putin prioritizes regional stability and strategic alliances.
Beyond political and military concerns, the discussions focus heavily on reconstruction and economic cooperation. Russia has signaled its readiness to assist through food and medical supplies, infrastructure restoration, and energy sector cooperation. Al-Sharaa is specifically seeking Russian aid to strengthen border security and revive an economy devastated by over a decade of conflict.
The meeting also unfolds amidst shifting regional dynamics and competition with the United States. The recent capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro by US forces has highlighted Russia's vulnerability regarding its strategic allies. Simultaneously, the US has been strengthening its relationship with al-Sharaa, particularly regarding Kurdish issues in northeastern Syria.
Ahmad al-Sharaa's trajectory from a rebel leader to a diplomatic pragmatist underscores the dramatic transformation of Syria's leadership. His commitment to avoiding conflict with global powers while rebuilding state institutions is being closely watched by the international community. The outcomes of this meeting will likely provide much-needed clarity on the pivotal issues shaping Syria's post-Assad future.
Photo: Kyiv Independent